development of science and civilization in Turkey

As time, it did not feel we had been living in an age filled with sophistication and everything is very practical. All the people vying to be able to create new things and can facilitate job. It also includes the development of IT is the fastest growing in the world, especially in our beloved country, the Republic of Indonesia.
Information technology is a technology that is used to process the data, the process, obtain, compile, store, manipulate data in different ways to produce quality information. information that is meant is that the information is accurate, relevant, and timely, which can be used for personal use, business, and government. This information should also be a strategic value that can be used in decision making.

           Now is the role of IT in human keidupan is increasingly important. Because along with the development of the IT people did a lot of work in front of computers and using mobile phones for communication. With the advances in technology make it easier for humans and serasadunia work there in our grasp. In addition, the development of IT is also very fast, so it must always follow its development.

           The development of information technology in Indonesia is strongly influenced by the ability of the human resource in understanding the components of information technology (hardware, software, computer network systems, and telecommunications systems). To build IT facilities, Indonesia still relies heavily on investors.
If we create a chronology of the development of IT in Indonesia from ancient times to the prediction of IT development in Indonesia, among others:

1. Earlier generations of information technology.
          In Indonesia in the past, long-distance communication done by correspondence. Though there is no postal system, but mail delivery system has been going on since long. Tknologi information systems in Indonesia began to experience growth in 1855, or precisely on October 23, 1855 when the Dutch opened the first telegraph line in Indonesia. Since then, the telegraph began widely used in Indonesia.

             On October 16, 1882, the local telephone network was first used in Indonesia by private parties who received concessions for 25 years. Since then, emerging companies telephone network in Indonesia. However, in the early days of this, companies are only open telephone line in big cities only. In 1906, the government had to take over and monopolize all corporate telephone network, the telephone network except Keretea Fire Company Deli. In 1967, the telecommunications company successfully completed the construction of telecommunication networks archipelago that includes microwave projects across Sumatra and East Indonesia microwave cross. On July 9, 1976, Indonesia launched a satellite then palapa. And so begins a new round of development of information technology in Indonesia is very fast moving and rapidly since the launch of this satellite.

             Indonesia began to internet in the 1990s. Internet users in Indonesia in 1988 using CIX (England) and Compurserve (U.S.) to access the Internet. Internet is also increasingly being used currently and is growing rapidly.

2. Information technology in the present.
        Currently, we have entered the era of globalization with the development of information technology is very rapid. In Indonesia was the information from different parts of the world can be accessed quickly and easily. The internet facility has changed the paradigm of society became more modern and practical. Internet is now more easily accessible. In addition to the cafe facilities more and more, people can also access the Internet via a PC or laptop at home, or to take advantage of hotspots, or even using a phone. Not only that, the internet has been used as a medium of learning, business, military, and many other fields. The Indonesian government has made the internet as an important part in many fields. By utilizing the Internet, Indonesia has taken a step forward to growing and advancing in the future.

3. Information technology in the future.
          Looking at the development of information technology today, many predictions about the development of technology more and more expressed. However, of course there are many factors that will influence the development of the information technology. Either support or hinder the perkambangan. Things like government financial capability and affordability remote areas will be very influential on the development of the information technology. In the past, it has been a lot of figures that express predictions about the development of information technology. Like what was said Mason R. (1994) who argue that the future of education will be determined by the information network that allows interaction and collaboration, rather than building schools. However, technology will continue to widen the gap between rich and poor in. Or thing expressed by Tony Bates (1995) that technology can improve the quality and range when used wisely for education and training, and has great significance for the economic well-being. What is clear, whatever happens, information technology will still be an important part in human life. In Indonesia in particular, in all corners of the world in general.

             Later, the role of IT in transport services even been able to feel. For example, a special card issued by a private bank that we can use to pay for tolls, buying fuel, busway ticket purchase and train.

             In education, especially at the college level, the use of IT is realized in a system called electronic university (e-University). This development was carried out in support of education, so as to provide better information for the community, both within and outside the university through the internet. Exemplarily other educational services that can be implemented by means of the internet to provide online lectures and course material can be accessed by anyone in need.

             With the rapid development of IT, should also be balanced with awareness to use IT for the benefit of a positive. Hence not a few IT experts who use it for evil. Many porn sites are more intense circulation. Another example is the “fever” friendship sites are often misused. Until the transaction girl through cyberspace. It certainly can affect the development of children and adolescents in our country. And the need for supervision of the authorities so that the negative impact of IT can be reduced. Because teenagers now tend to use technology in the negative direction, and it is because their souls are still unstable and need for educators and mentors to steer them in the right direction so that we can promote the Indonesian nation in the future.

              Many of the benefits that I feel with the development of IT among others helped me in doing assignments, easily transfer money, add friends through social networks, to communicate very easily and quickly. Moreover, with the development of IT, it can improve the economy of Indonesia, right now there are online businesses, transactions via the internet, as well as many other benefits.
Similarly, the author’s description of the development of IT in Indonesia and the chronology of its development and also reviews the positive and negative impacts of future IT developments on the progress of the Indonesian nation.

 

sumber : http://zhafirascience.wordpress.com/2012/05/05/perkembangan-ilmu-pengetahuan-dan-peradaban-di-turki/

Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Peradaban Di Turki

•   Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Peradaban Di Turki

Di awala abad modern, pemerintah Turki memakai system kesultanan, ketika itu yang berkuasa adalah kesultanan Usmani. Seorang sultan memilki kekuasaan dalam hal keduniaan dan keagamaan, sebagai penguasa duniawi ia bergelar sultan tetapi sebagai pemegang kesultanan spiritual ia bergelar khalifah, namun dalam perjalanannya para sultan tersebut bersikap sekehendak hatinya sehingga Turki akhirnya mengalami kemunduran.

Berbeda dengan sultan-sultan sebelumnya, Sultan Mahmud II memiliki cita-cita untuk merubah keadaan negerinya. Usaha yang pertama kali dilakukan ialah dengan menghilangkan sekat antara penguasa dan rakyat , kemudian melakukan pembaharuan dalam organisasi Negara dan mereformasi bidang pendidikan dengan mendirika sekolah-sekolah dan mengirim sejumlah siswa untuk belajar keluar negeri, kemudian beliaupun meningkatkan penerjemahan buku-buku ilmu pengetahuan barat kebahasa Turki, jadi dapat disimpulakan bahwa ide-ide barat mulai masuk ke Turki melaui dua hal yaitu melalui penerjemahan buku dan pengiriman siswa keluar negeri.

Gerakan pembaharuan di turki dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang memiliki perbedaan cara pandang yang terdiri dari tiga golongan:

1. Golongan Islam

Menurut golongan ini kemunduran Turki yaitu karena para pejabat tidak lagi menjalankan syariat Islam.

1. Golongan Pro Barat

Kemunduran banga Turki adalah karena masyarakat turki itu sendiri yaitu keengganan menggunakan akal dalam melihat realitas.

1. Golongan Nasionalis

Menurut golongan ini kemunduran Turki disebabkan oleh karena umat Islam tidak mau melakukan interprestasi baru atas ajaran Islam sesuai dengan kondisi zaman.

Dari ketiga golongan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa golongan pro Barat maupun nasionalis menginginkan supaya pembaruan yang dilaksanakan tetap dalam kerangka Islam hanya saja mereka tidak sepakat dengan golongan Islam yang memilih pembaruan bersifat tradisional.

Ketiga golongan ini terus bertarung ditengah-tengah masyarakat Turki hingga akhirnya lahirlah tokoh pembaharu diantara mereka yaitu Mustafa Kemal yang lahir di Salonika pada tanggaln 12 maret 1881, sejak muda ia mengenal ide-ide barat dari buku-buku karya Voltaire, Rousseau dll. Kiprahnya didunia politik dimulai menjadi ketua perkumpulan pembela hak-hak rakyat dan membentuk majelis nasional agung (1920) hingga pada tahun 1921 Mustafa diakui pihak sekutu dan dunia internasional baik secara de facto maupun dejure sebagai penguasa Turki. Mustafa melakukan amandemen terhadap konstitusi Negara dan merubah system pemerintahan dari kesultanan menjadi republik, jabatan sultan dihapuskan dan ia mengangkat dirinya sebagai presiden Turki sedang jabatan khalifah sebagai penguasa spiritual tetap dipertahankan dengan mengangkat Abdul Majid II sebagai khalifah dan memecat Sultan Mahmud IV karena menentang keputusannya.

Kedudukan presiden dan khalifah pada akhirnya mengalami kerancuan sehingga pada tanggal 3 Maret 1924 melalui majelis nasional Mustafa menghapus jabatan khalifah dan melakukan perubahan besar besaran termasuk menghapuskan agama Islam sebagai agama resmi Turki pada tahun 1928, mulai saat itu Turki resmi menjadi negara Sekuler.

Ada 3 bidang terkait sekularisme di Turki:

• Sekularisasi Negara, Pendidikan dan Hukum
• Mengganti simbol-simbol agama dan simbol-simbol peradaban Eropa
• Sekularisasi kehidupan sosial dan serangan terhadap Islam

Menurut Mustafa peradaban berarti peradaban barat, bila Turki ingin menjadi negara yang berperadaban maka ia harus mengubah dirinya menjadi bangsa barat, ia menolak penggabungan antara peradaban barat dan timur. Iapun tidak memperbolehkan berdirinya partai politik yang berasakan agama.

Tetapi walu demikian Mustafa tetap mengangap Islam sebagai agama yang rasional sehingga menjadi sesuatu yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia.

Pada masa selanjutnya Mustafa dianggap sebagi bapak pembangunan Turki atau Attaturk, hingga namanya berubah menjadi Mustafa Kemal Attaturk.

 

sumber : http://zhafirascience.wordpress.com/2012/05/05/perkembangan-ilmu-pengetahuan-dan-peradaban-di-turki/

Tentang Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang ‘Pharmacy of UMM’

 

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) adalah perguruan tinggi swasta terakreditasi “A” dengan Nomor SK: 074/SK/BAN-PT/Ak-IV/PT/II/2013, yang berpusat di kampus III terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Raya Tlogomas 246 Kota Malang,Jawa Timur. Universitas yang berdiri pada tahun 1964 ini berinduk pada organisasi Muhammadiyah dan merupakan perguruan tinggi Muhammadiyah terbesar di Jawa Timur. UMM termasuk dalam jajaran PTS terkemuka di Indonesia bersama UII dan UMY. Oleh karena didominasi warna dinding putih, UMM sering disebut sebagai kampus putih

UMM merupakan salah satu universitas yang tumbuh cepat, sehingga oleh PP Muhammadiyah diberi amanat sebagai perguruan tinggi pembina untuk seluruh PTM (Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah) wilayah Indonesia Timur. Program-program yang didisain dengan cermat menjadikan UMM sebagai “The Real University”, yaitu universitas yang benar-benar universitas dalam artian sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi yang selalu komit dalam mengembangkan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi

Pada sekarang ini Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) menempati 3 lokasi kampus, yaitu kampus I di Jalan Bandung 1, kampus II di Jalan Bendungan Sutami 188 A dan kampus III di Jalan Raya Tlogomas 246. Kampus satu yang merupakan cikal bakalUMM, dan sekarang ini dikonsentrasikan untuk program Pasca Sarjana. Sedangkan kampus II yang dulu merupakan pusat kegiatan utama , sekarang di konsentrasikan sebagai kampus Fakultas Kedokteran dan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan. Sedangkan kampus III sebagai kampus terpadu dijadikan sebagai pusat sari seluruh aktivitas.

PROFIL PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI

Program Studi Farmasi UMM berdiri sejak  tahun 2006 melalui Surat Ijin Pendirian dari Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional RI, Nomor: 1964/D/T/2006 dan Rekomendasi pembukaan Program Studi Farmasi UMM dari Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Badan Pengembangan Dan Pemberdayaan Sumberdaya Manusia Kesehatan, Nomor : HK.03.2.4.1.02342.1, tertanggal 15 Mei 2006. Sebagai Program Studi baru, Program Studi Farmasi UMM dibina oleh Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga Surabaya melalui MoU Nomor: 100/Jo3.1.20/PP/2006 dan E.S.c/359/BAA-UMM/V/2006., ini diadakaan dalam rangka merealisasi program Indonesia Sehat 2010 sebagai upaya antisipasi kebutuhan tenaga kesehatan khususnya Apoteker yang sampai saat ini jumlahnya masih jauh dari mencukupi. Saat ini  Program Studi Farmasi UMM telah terakreditasi tahun 2009 berdasarkan Keputusan Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi, No.028/BAN-PT/Ak-XII/S1/IX/2009 dan sejak 15 Oktober 2009 menjadi anggota Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia (APTFI).

 

sumber : http://pharmacy.umm.ac.id/home.php?c=0202100401

 

Perkembangan IT di Indonesia

         

 As time, it did not feel we had been living in an age filled with sophistication and everything is very practical. All the people vying to be able to create new things and can facilitate job. It also includes the development of IT is the fastest growing in the world, especially in our beloved country, the Republic of Indonesia.
Information technology is a technology that is used to process the data, the process, obtain, compile, store, manipulate data in different ways to produce quality information. information that is meant is that the information is accurate, relevant, and timely, which can be used for personal use, business, and government. This information should also be a strategic value that can be used in decision making.

Now is the role of IT in human keidupan is increasingly important. Because along with the development of the IT people did a lot of work in front of computers and using mobile phones for communication. With the advances in technology make it easier for humans and serasadunia work there in our grasp. In addition, the development of IT is also very fast, so it must always follow its development.

The development of information technology in Indonesia is strongly influenced by the ability of the human resource in understanding the components of information technology (hardware, software, computer network systems, and telecommunications systems). To build IT facilities, Indonesia still relies heavily on investors.
If we create a chronology of the development of IT in Indonesia from ancient times to the prediction of IT development in Indonesia, among others:

1. Earlier generations of information technology.
In Indonesia in the past, long-distance communication done by correspondence. Though there is no postal system, but mail delivery system has been going on since long. Tknologi information systems in Indonesia began to experience growth in 1855, or precisely on October 23, 1855 when the Dutch opened the first telegraph line in Indonesia. Since then, the telegraph began widely used in Indonesia.

On October 16, 1882, the local telephone network was first used in Indonesia by private parties who received concessions for 25 years. Since then, emerging companies telephone network in Indonesia. However, in the early days of this, companies are only open telephone line in big cities only. In 1906, the government had to take over and monopolize all corporate telephone network, the telephone network except Keretea Fire Company Deli. In 1967, the telecommunications company successfully completed the construction of telecommunication networks archipelago that includes microwave projects across Sumatra and East Indonesia microwave cross. On July 9, 1976, Indonesia launched a satellite then palapa. And so begins a new round of development of information technology in Indonesia is very fast moving and rapidly since the launch of this satellite.

Indonesia began to internet in the 1990s. Internet users in Indonesia in 1988 using CIX (England) and Compurserve (U.S.) to access the Internet. Internet is also increasingly being used currently and is growing rapidly.

2. Information technology in the present.
Currently, we have entered the era of globalization with the development of information technology is very rapid. In Indonesia was the information from different parts of the world can be accessed quickly and easily. The internet facility has changed the paradigm of society became more modern and practical. Internet is now more easily accessible. In addition to the cafe facilities more and more, people can also access the Internet via a PC or laptop at home, or to take advantage of hotspots, or even using a phone. Not only that, the internet has been used as a medium of learning, business, military, and many other fields. The Indonesian government has made the internet as an important part in many fields. By utilizing the Internet, Indonesia has taken a step forward to growing and advancing in the future.

3. Information technology in the future.
Looking at the development of information technology today, many predictions about the development of technology more and more expressed. However, of course there are many factors that will influence the development of the information technology. Either support or hinder the perkambangan. Things like government financial capability and affordability remote areas will be very influential on the development of the information technology. In the past, it has been a lot of figures that express predictions about the development of information technology. Like what was said Mason R. (1994) who argue that the future of education will be determined by the information network that allows interaction and collaboration, rather than building schools. However, technology will continue to widen the gap between rich and poor in. Or thing expressed by Tony Bates (1995) that technology can improve the quality and range when used wisely for education and training, and has great significance for the economic well-being. What is clear, whatever happens, information technology will still be an important part in human life. In Indonesia in particular, in all corners of the world in general.

Later, the role of IT in transport services even been able to feel. For example, a special card issued by a private bank that we can use to pay for tolls, buying fuel, busway ticket purchase and train.

In education, especially at the college level, the use of IT is realized in a system called electronic university (e-University). This development was carried out in support of education, so as to provide better information for the community, both within and outside the university through the internet. Exemplarily other educational services that can be implemented by means of the internet to provide online lectures and course material can be accessed by anyone in need.

With the rapid development of IT, should also be balanced with awareness to use IT for the benefit of a positive. Hence not a few IT experts who use it for evil. Many porn sites are more intense circulation. Another example is the “fever” friendship sites are often misused. Until the transaction girl through cyberspace. It certainly can affect the development of children and adolescents in our country. And the need for supervision of the authorities so that the negative impact of IT can be reduced. Because teenagers now tend to use technology in the negative direction, and it is because their souls are still unstable and need for educators and mentors to steer them in the right direction so that we can promote the Indonesian nation in the future.

Many of the benefits that I feel with the development of IT among others helped me in doing assignments, easily transfer money, add friends through social networks, to communicate very easily and quickly. Moreover, with the development of IT, it can improve the economy of Indonesia, right now there are online businesses, transactions via the internet, as well as many other benefits.
Similarly, the author’s description of the development of IT in Indonesia and the chronology of its development and also reviews the positive and negative impacts of future IT developments on the progress of the Indonesian nation.

images.jpg

Ku slalu ingin berhayal. .
Tiap hari, hanya untuk bersantai. .
Di otak ku hanya ada sunset. .
Tiap waktu, hanya untuk ke pantai. .yea. .

love sunset